Straw mulch? Bio based material air inlet!

TK bio based materials reported that since this year, China has made clear the goal of "double carbon" and will strive to achieve carbon neutralization before 2060. It is very necessary to use modern advanced biotechnology to accelerate the research and development of new materials in line with green development if we want to achieve the transition from carbon peak to carbon neutralization as soon as possible. Under such circumstances, the "14th five year plan for industrial green development" issued by the Ministry of industry and information technology mentioned that we should focus on promoting green and low-carbon materials conducive to the development of environmental protection, and incorporate a variety of bio based materials into the key tasks of raw materials, which has attracted a lot of attention.
Nowadays, bio based products have gradually appeared in the public view.
Bio based materials mainly refer to new materials and chemicals made from renewable biomass such as grains, legumes, straw, bamboo and wood flour, including Bio based chemical raw materials, bio based plastics, bio based fibers, bio based rubber and plastic materials obtained from biomass thermoplastic processing. Biological manufacturing takes biomass as raw materials or uses biological methods for large-scale material conversion. The production process is green, mild and economical, which can greatly reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy and reduce operating costs.
On this basis, bio based materials have a wide range of applications, which can be used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, luxury goods, medical equipment, food industry and other fields to meet a variety of needs, so we can see that the type and quantity of bio based products are increasing year by year.
Why are bio based materials really environmentally friendly? Is it just because it uses different materials from nylon? The answer is certainly not. As a product of cutting-edge technology, bio based materials effectively reduce carbon emissions in the production process compared with traditional materials. For example, the carbon emission from the production of 1kg nylon-56 is reduced by 4.31kg compared with the production of 1kg nylon-66, which can be effectively quantified.
The most critical problem is the problem of degradation. Most nylon materials are difficult to degrade, requiring decades of degradation, and there are many harmful substances after degradation. When the bio based materials are discarded, they can be transformed into non-toxic small molecules such as water and carbon dioxide through biodegradation methods such as combustion or composting, which can re-enter the natural cycle and maintain the whole ecological balance without worrying about environmental pollution. In the long run, bio based materials and bio based industry will be the development trend. If this project is launched, it should be the largest contribution to carbon neutralization. We should know that bio based materials are not only of great significance to the realization of carbon neutralization goal, but also of higher economic efficiency for the use of corn and other food raw materials. Naturally, they are fully recognized and accepted by the market.
The most important thing is that bio based materials are one of the technologies mastered in China and are not limited by monopoly. There are several domestic enterprises that can produce bio based materials, and even help Kasai biology to reach 80% of the global market, which is an absolute leader and will not be locked by technology. This is also an important new idea for us to switch to bio based materials.
So, what are the new technologies for the production of new biomass materials? Today, let's explore the counter attack of straw.
1. Exploration of straw bioreactor technology to increase income
What is straw bioreactor technology? "To put it bluntly, it means mixing straw, green garbage, seaweed and other marine garbage in a certain proportion, and then burying them in the soil with an appropriate amount of biological agents. After two months of fermentation, the beneficial microorganisms in the reactor can increase the organic fertilizer of the soil and help the growth of carrots." Wujiangtao, Secretary of the Party branch of Pulan village, said, "the reactor can not only increase the organic fertilizer in the soil, but also release a large amount of carbon dioxide to promote plant photosynthesis, increasing the yield of carrots by 30-50%. More importantly, with this technology, the quality of carrots can be improved without chemical fertilizers and pesticides."
"The Secretary's words are true. The total output of 12 mu of carrots was 2500 kg a crop, but now it is 5500 kg; the wholesale price of carrots was 1 yuan / kg, and now organic carrots are 10 yuan / kg. A crop earns more than 50000 yuan." Zuyongming said that carrots in the village are planted twice a year. The first crop is from February to may, and the second crop is from August to November. The four months of slack farming coincide with the fermentation time of straw bioreactor. "I think this new technology is tailored for carrots in our village.
Turn on a light to illuminate a large area. The straw organic immune carrot planting base in Pulan village has played a good demonstration and driving role. "Compared with those who watched the excitement when sowing seeds, there are at least 100 people queuing to learn lessons." Zuyongming said.
The introduction of new technology comes from the guidance of the town. Since this year, niutouya town in Beidaihe District has put forward the concept of "technology helps agriculture and ecological development", taking science and technology to promote low-carbon development as the main direction, and vigorously developing characteristic agricultural industries. Through docking with the district agricultural and rural Bureau, the town has made straw bioreactor technology take root in Pulan village.
Nowadays, the carrots in Pulan village have a high "appearance" and good taste, and have become the "new favorite" of consumers. Wujiangtao is actively organizing the registration of trademarks to create brand advantages.
2. Straw becomes plastic film, which is also harder than steel?
If you want a good harvest, mulching film is a treasure. However, with the expansion of the use of mulching film, it has also brought "white pollution" to rural areas. How to solve this problem? In Shanxi Research Institute of new biomass materials, R & D engineers are biorefining agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw, so as to produce high-quality, safe and degradable biofilm and truly turn waste into treasure. Bio resin
By using bio refining method, enzymatic lignin can be extracted from straw, and bio resin can also be obtained through new material transformation technology. This kind of biological resin has strong toughness and can be combined with carbon fiber to form carbon fiber composite. The hardness of this carbon fiber composite is 4 to 5 times that of steel, but its weight is only one fifth of that of steel. It solves the technical problem of "neck sticking" with poor toughness of epoxy resin commonly used in the market at present.
3. Straw recycling is difficult, gene editing shows its skill
China is a large agricultural country. The development and utilization of straw resources not only involves the material transformation and energy cycle in the agricultural production system, but also becomes an important way to realize circular agriculture and low-carbon economy. It is an inevitable requirement for the sustainable development of agricultural and rural social economy, but also an inevitable trend of global environmental protection and development. Gene editing technology is a tool developed in recent years that can directionally transform biological genomic DNA. Crispr/cas9 system is the most widely used. It can transform the base sequence in DNA, such as inserting or deleting a replacement base or a segment of base sequence, so as to change the amino acids encoded in genes, so as to realize the loss or change of related gene functions.
Facing these problems that are difficult to be solved by conventional methods, Professor wuyimin's team of South China Agricultural University used crispr/cas9 gene editing technology to knock out some genes of rice UXe (UDP xylose epimerase) and XAT (xylan arabinosyltransferase), and obtained three double mutants with partially knocked out UXe and XAT genes. The results showed that the content of side chain arabinose in xylan and the crystallinity of cellulose in the mutants were greatly reduced, It makes the cell wall structure loose, increases the accessibility of cellulase, and makes the cell wall more easily damaged by treatment. This study reduced the difficulty of straw treatment through genetic modification, and increased the possibility of straw recycling.